<br> Introduction<br> : Brazil, with 846 million hectares, struggles to manage its varied environmental landscape, as 60% is used for farming, affecting soil ecosystems that rely on organisms for nutrient cycling and water infiltration. The diversity of these organisms is influenced by land use, rainfall, temperature, and humidity. Establishing Specific Protection Goals (SPGs) for pesticides is essential, considering their Normal Operating Range in agricultural ecosystems. A literature review on the biodiversity of earthworms, enchytraeids, springtails, and soil mites in Brazil examined their abundance in relation to abiotic factors.<br> <br> <br> Methods<br> : A systematic literature search was conducted across 11 specialized databases and Google Scholar, retrieving 120 peer-reviewed Brazilian field trials up to June 2023, and applying strict inclusion criteria and descriptive statistical analysis on standardized density data. The associations between organism density and factors such as season, organic matter percentage, pH, and tillage were evaluated.<br> <br> <br> Results<br> : Results showed that soil mites were the most studied group (&gt;40%), followed by earthworms, springtails, and enchytraeids. Tillage generally reduced organism density, and both Collembola and soil mites showed lower densities in the dry season compared to the rainy season. Collembola and mite densities also varied with soil pH, whereas earthworms were pH independent.<br> <br> <br> Conclusions<br> : The study shows that soil fauna densities in Brazil vary widely with land use, soil type, season, and farming practices—particularly tillage—yet significant gaps remain in regional coverage and methodological consistency, underscoring the need for harmonized research and collaborative efforts to inform soil biodiversity management and ecosystem service-oriented policies.<br>
