Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions

Harries, David J.; Blencowe, Clare M.; Leal-Dutra, Caio Ambr&#243;sio; Lodge, D. Jean; Harrington, Alison H.; Bye, Ruby; Pearse, Zach; Russell, Stephen D.; Williams, Jessica; R&#233;, Lauren A.; Griffith, Gareth

doi:10.3897/mycokeys.127.174823

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Article: Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions

Title

Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions

By

Harries, David J.
Blencowe, Clare M.
Leal-Dutra, Caio Ambrósio
Lodge, D. Jean
Harrington, Alison H.
Bye, Ruby
Pearse, Zach
Russell, Stephen D.
Williams, Jessica
Ré, Lauren A.
Griffith, Gareth

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2026-1-29

Original Publication

MycoKeys

Volume

127

Pages

307--341

Subjects

Basidiome distributions , Citizen science , eDNA distributions , GlobalFungi , Hygrophoraceae

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Sofia, Bulgaria Pensoft Publishers 2011-

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.127.174823

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Rights Holder: Copyright held by individual article author(s).

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expand Abstract

Here, we report the discovery of four new agaricoid fungi in the Gliophorus irrigatus complex of the family Hygrophoraceae. Gliophorus alboviscidus sp. nov . from the UK is morphologically identical to the European G. irrigatus (which we neotypify), except that its basidiome is white or pale Buff-coloured vs. brownish-grey. Two new species from eastern North America, Gliophorus fumosus sp. nov . (provisional name Gliophorus sp. ‘irrigatus-IN01’) and Gliophorus parafumosus sp. nov . (previously labelled G. irrigatus ) resemble G. irrigatus s.s. in grey colour and morphology, but their distributions are restricted to North America. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the two North American groups form distinct clades, with &gt; 10% ITS sequence divergence from European G. irrigatus s.s. and from each other. Though G. alboviscidus sp. nov . is currently known only from two locations in the UK, searches for related sequences from eDNA (environmental DNA) sequence repositories (UNITE/GlobalFungi) suggested that this species is more widely distributed in Eurasia. G. fumosus and G. parafumosus sequences from eastern North America were divergent from both European G. irrigatus and G. alboviscidus ; both were more closely related to another species with a strong odour and white/Buff basidiomes from north-western North America, Hygrophorus subaromaticus , for which we sequenced the holotype and recombine in the genus Gliophorus . We also describe a new species from north-western North America, G. calunus sp. nov . (provisional name Gliophorus sp. ‘irrigatus-CA01’), based on vouchered specimens photographed and sequenced by a paraprofessional group, CA FUNDIS. We highlight the importance of citizen-scientist groups and paraprofessionals in documenting macrofungal species and their distributions via databases, such as iNaturalist, Mushroom Observer and MycoMap. Further, we discuss reasons that eDNA distributions are often larger than known distributions of basidiomes, including G. alboviscidus and G. fumosus .